One of the largest private nature reserves in Africa—and potentially the world—is located in eastern Zimbabwe, spanning approximately 3,400 square kilometres. This protected area has a fascinating and turbulent history. Originally, the land was divided into cattle-ranching farms. Following an extreme drought in 1991, the owners of 21 properties made the visionary decision to transition the farmland back into a natural environment and establish a unified wildlife management area. Fences between the properties were dropped, allowing wildlife populations to stabilize and grow, including thriving rhinoceros populations.
Unfortunately, this success faced severe disruption when politically connected invaders associated with the ruling ZANU-PF party began illegal, destructive poaching and hunting across the private properties. Following 2000, thousands of illegal occupants seized and settled portions of the land with the backing of Mugabe’s government. Portions of this newly settled landscape were converted into agricultural fields and villages. While some properties were heavily impacted, others remained largely untouched, with the total affected area encompassing a few hundred square kilometres.
Today, the intensity of illegal incursions has decreased, meaning the functional protected area still spans more than 3,000 square kilometres despite its turbulent history. The northern and southern boundaries are fenced with managed access gates, ensuring the conservancy continues to survive in principle.
During our visit, we spent a few days staying at Humani (which was partially impacted by historical invasions) and Mokore (which remained entirely untouched). We heard lions roaring, encountered a black rhino, and observed herds of elephants and buffaloes. Giraffes, impalas, and zebras are relatively common sights. According to local conservationists, the combined population of black and white rhinoceroses’ numbers between 300 and 400 individuals, and the painted dog (wild dog) population remains healthy. Wildlife viewing can be challenging due to dense vegetation, making it advisable to stay longer and utilize local guides who understand the current bush conditions.
We are hopeful that the future of this vital protected area will continue to develop in a positive direction.
Giraffes are relatively common here
Only a small portion of the conservancy is covered by open savannah
Duangwa Pan maintains a permanent water level, attracting diverse waterfowl
One of the largest baobabs in Africa has a circumference of around 40 metres
